In each study , children could choose between a less preferred reward which could be obtained immediately by ringing the bell and informing the experimenter to come back and a more preferred reward which need wait until the experimenter came back by herself . . experiment compared the effects of external and cognitive distraction from the reward objects on the length of time which preschool children waited for the preferred delayed reward 在每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,兒童都需要在一項(xiàng)小獎(jiǎng)賞和一項(xiàng)大獎(jiǎng)賞中作抉擇- - - -為了得到他所選擇的心目中的大獎(jiǎng)賞,他便需要等到實(shí)驗(yàn)者自己回來;如果他不想再等了,就可以按電鈴請(qǐng)實(shí)驗(yàn)者回來,但這時(shí)它只能馬上得到那個(gè)他沒有選擇的獎(jiǎng)賞。